The drilling machine is one of
the most important machine tools in the workshop. As regards its importance, it
is second only to the lathe machine. Although it was primarily designed to make
a hole, it can perform a number of operations. By a drilling machine, holes may
be drilled quickly and at a low cost. The hole is generated by the rotating
edge of a cutting tool known as the drill which exerts large force on the work
clamped on the table. As the machine exerts vertical pressure to originate a
hole, it is called a "drill press".
Holes may be produced by drilling
with twist drill, flat drill, etc., or by boring with one or more single point
tools or cutters mounted in a bar or head. Reaming can also be done which is a
finishing process. It may be applied to drilled or bored holes to give a better
finish. The choice between drilling, boring and reaming depends on several
factors, but chiefly on the size of the hole, the accuracy of the hole and the
number of holes to be produced. For example, if one or two components are
required with an accurately positioned 32 mm hole, they would probably be bored
with a single-point tool. But if a large number of such components are
involved, they would be drilled and reamed, using a specially designed jig to
hold and position the component, having bushes for guiding the drill and reamer
to the correct position.
Purpose and Importance of Drilling Machine
Although it is primarily designed
to make cylindrical holes, but it can also be used to perform many other
operations like boring, counter boring, tapping, spot facing, reaming,
bottoming, lapping, grinding, trepanning, etc. It is very cheap, can be
installed at any place. Accurate holes and many other operations can be carried
out with a minimum expenditure.
Classification
Drilling machines are classified
by type and size. The size of a drilling machine is known by different ways:
(a) The portable drilling machines are specified by the maximum
size of drill that can be held.
(b) Sensitive drilling machines are specified by the diameter
of largest work piece that can be centralized under the spindle.
(c) Further particulars such as the maximum size of drill that
the machine can operate, table diameter, the maximum spindle travel, numbers of
spindle speeds and feeds available, Morse taper number of the drill spindle,
floor space required, net weight of the machine, etc. are all needed.
(d) The size of the radial drilling machine is specified by the
diameter of the column and length of the arm. Other particulars such as maximum
drilling radius, minimum drilling radius, spindle speeds and feeds, etc., should
also be stated to specify the machine fully.
Parts of Drilling Machine
Main parts of drilling machine
are mentioned as below:
(a) Base
(b) Rectangular table
(c) Pillar
(d) Drill chuck
(e) Feeding lever
(f) Spindle
(g) Main motor
(h) Lever for setting table
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